MARILYN 'DEE' RAY, PhD, RN
CTN-A, FSfAA, FAAN, FESPCH (hon), FNAP, HSGAHN, Hon. LL. D, FTCNSS
Colonel (Retired), United States Air Force Nurse Corps
CTN-A, FSfAA, FAAN, FESPCH (hon), FNAP, HSGAHN, Hon. LL. D, FTCNSS
Colonel (Retired), United States Air Force Nurse Corps
NIGH Advisory Council
We are privileged to include Dr. Marilyn 'Dee' Ray as a Member of NIGH's Advisory Council. Her 65-year nursing career is most inspiring, as detailed below. Her most recent contribution is featured on the Virtual Launch of our 'Nurses' Voices Grassroots to Global ' campaign. Click here >>>
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An American Veteran's Quilt of Valor crafted to honor Dr. Ray's exemplary 32 years of military service as an officer in then US Air Force Reserve, Nurse Corps (USAF NC)—serving in many roles, including flight nursing during the Viet Nam conflict, and nursing education, administration, and research in aerospace nursing—retiring in 1999 as a Colonel.
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Legacy Statement of Past, Present/Future Directions of Caring:
My intent is to further the research, practice, and development of the science and art of caring in the national and global communities. Caring to me is “unfolding the sacred art of divine love” (Ray, 1997). It is a sacred way of being, a theology, an awareness of God as love, a felt realness of the mystery of being in the ‘compassionate we’ relationship. Nursing as caring, thus, is the constant birthing and growth of love, the inner wisdom and inner mystery of participatory life (Ray, 1997).
I am privileged to be an alumna of the University of Colorado College of Nursing, having graduated with BSN and MSN degrees in 1968 and 1969 at CU, an MA (Anthropology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada,1978, and a PhD from the University of Utah, College of Nursing, 1981. I initially graduated with a diploma from St. Joseph Hospital School of Nursing in Hamilton, ON, Canada. I practiced nursing in critical care units in hospitals in California and Colorado. At the University of Colorado, I was introduced to nursing as a human science, and nursing as a transcultural body of knowledge, mentored by the late Dr. Madeleine Leininger, the first nurse-anthropologist, Director of the Nurse Scientist program at CU, and Dean of Nursing at the University of Utah. From 1977-1981, I was privileged to be in the first PhD class and graduated in transcultural nursing from the University of Utah College of Nursing where the caring movement in nursing was “born.”
In 1978, I was honored to be a participant of the first Caring Conference (later named the International Association of Human Caring) with a select group of nurse scholars, the late Dr. Madeleine Leininger and Dolores Gaut, and Drs. Jean Watson and JoAnn Glittenberg, and a few others. In 1979, I was fortunate to marry the late James L. Droesbeke who helped me in every way throughout my early academic career until his untimely death from cancer in 2001. From my PhD research, I discovered the Theory of Bureaucratic Caring in 1981 after studying the meaning of caring in the hospital culture.
Throughout my career, I have continued to research caring in complex civilian and military health care institutions. In 1984, I joined the faculty of the University of Colorado College of Nursing and began teaching caring philosophy and qualitative research methods, especially phenomenology in the CU PhD nursing program serving for many years first as full time followed by part time teaching until 2004. I am on the faculty of Florida Atlantic University, College of Nursing, where I have served for over 32 years, fulfilling roles as Eminent Scholar in Caring, and Professor of Nursing and now as Professor Emeritus.
I currently contribute to the veteran nursing education in the primary care program for rural and underserved areas of Florida. At the same time, I continue with colleagues, research in Haiti, and to advance my theory of Bureaucratic Caring as well as my Theory of Transcultural Caring Dynamics in Nursing and Health Care with many presentations, published books and articles from 1981 until the present. I had a parallel career as an officer in the United States Air Force Reserve, Nurse Corps (USAF NC) serving in many roles, such as flight nursing during the Viet Nam conflict, nursing education, administration, and research in aerospace nursing. I retired as a Colonel in 1999 after 32 years of service. My Theory of Bureaucratic Caring has been selected as the structural framework and model for interprofessional caring practice in the USAF as well as the Defense Health Agency.
I have received many Fellowships in nursing from the Society for Applied Anthropology, the American Academy of Nursing, the European Society for Person-Centered Caring, the American Academies of Practice, the Global Academy of Holistic Nursing and the Transcultural Nursing Society. I have been awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award, University of Colorado, Distinguished Alumna Award, University of Utah, Legacy of Caring award from the International Association of Human Caring, honored as a Transcultural Nursing Scholar, and have received an Honorary Doctor of Laws degree from McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
As a nurse caring theorist, transcultural nursing scholar, and global ambassador in Holistic Nursing, I will be networking and continuing to develop my theories of nursing, the Theory of Bureaucratic Caring and Transcultural Caring Dynamics in Nursing and Health Care, and developing local and global strategies in transcultural nursing and caring to support the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, and national and international programs to promote attributes of diversity, social justice, equity, and communitarian ethics for the improvement of health care around the world and in space. I will continue my major theoretical contribution to the United States military health care system, and to veterans in nursing education and primary care practice.
I look forward to contributing to the Nightingale Initiative for Global Health (NIGH) with Drs. Barbara Dossey and Deva-Marie Beck.
My intent is to further the research, practice, and development of the science and art of caring in the national and global communities. Caring to me is “unfolding the sacred art of divine love” (Ray, 1997). It is a sacred way of being, a theology, an awareness of God as love, a felt realness of the mystery of being in the ‘compassionate we’ relationship. Nursing as caring, thus, is the constant birthing and growth of love, the inner wisdom and inner mystery of participatory life (Ray, 1997).
I am privileged to be an alumna of the University of Colorado College of Nursing, having graduated with BSN and MSN degrees in 1968 and 1969 at CU, an MA (Anthropology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada,1978, and a PhD from the University of Utah, College of Nursing, 1981. I initially graduated with a diploma from St. Joseph Hospital School of Nursing in Hamilton, ON, Canada. I practiced nursing in critical care units in hospitals in California and Colorado. At the University of Colorado, I was introduced to nursing as a human science, and nursing as a transcultural body of knowledge, mentored by the late Dr. Madeleine Leininger, the first nurse-anthropologist, Director of the Nurse Scientist program at CU, and Dean of Nursing at the University of Utah. From 1977-1981, I was privileged to be in the first PhD class and graduated in transcultural nursing from the University of Utah College of Nursing where the caring movement in nursing was “born.”
In 1978, I was honored to be a participant of the first Caring Conference (later named the International Association of Human Caring) with a select group of nurse scholars, the late Dr. Madeleine Leininger and Dolores Gaut, and Drs. Jean Watson and JoAnn Glittenberg, and a few others. In 1979, I was fortunate to marry the late James L. Droesbeke who helped me in every way throughout my early academic career until his untimely death from cancer in 2001. From my PhD research, I discovered the Theory of Bureaucratic Caring in 1981 after studying the meaning of caring in the hospital culture.
Throughout my career, I have continued to research caring in complex civilian and military health care institutions. In 1984, I joined the faculty of the University of Colorado College of Nursing and began teaching caring philosophy and qualitative research methods, especially phenomenology in the CU PhD nursing program serving for many years first as full time followed by part time teaching until 2004. I am on the faculty of Florida Atlantic University, College of Nursing, where I have served for over 32 years, fulfilling roles as Eminent Scholar in Caring, and Professor of Nursing and now as Professor Emeritus.
I currently contribute to the veteran nursing education in the primary care program for rural and underserved areas of Florida. At the same time, I continue with colleagues, research in Haiti, and to advance my theory of Bureaucratic Caring as well as my Theory of Transcultural Caring Dynamics in Nursing and Health Care with many presentations, published books and articles from 1981 until the present. I had a parallel career as an officer in the United States Air Force Reserve, Nurse Corps (USAF NC) serving in many roles, such as flight nursing during the Viet Nam conflict, nursing education, administration, and research in aerospace nursing. I retired as a Colonel in 1999 after 32 years of service. My Theory of Bureaucratic Caring has been selected as the structural framework and model for interprofessional caring practice in the USAF as well as the Defense Health Agency.
I have received many Fellowships in nursing from the Society for Applied Anthropology, the American Academy of Nursing, the European Society for Person-Centered Caring, the American Academies of Practice, the Global Academy of Holistic Nursing and the Transcultural Nursing Society. I have been awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award, University of Colorado, Distinguished Alumna Award, University of Utah, Legacy of Caring award from the International Association of Human Caring, honored as a Transcultural Nursing Scholar, and have received an Honorary Doctor of Laws degree from McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
As a nurse caring theorist, transcultural nursing scholar, and global ambassador in Holistic Nursing, I will be networking and continuing to develop my theories of nursing, the Theory of Bureaucratic Caring and Transcultural Caring Dynamics in Nursing and Health Care, and developing local and global strategies in transcultural nursing and caring to support the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, and national and international programs to promote attributes of diversity, social justice, equity, and communitarian ethics for the improvement of health care around the world and in space. I will continue my major theoretical contribution to the United States military health care system, and to veterans in nursing education and primary care practice.
I look forward to contributing to the Nightingale Initiative for Global Health (NIGH) with Drs. Barbara Dossey and Deva-Marie Beck.
Education
Diploma in Nursing: St. Joseph Hospital School of Nursing, Hamilton, ON, Canada (1958)
BSN: University of Colorado School of Nursing, Denver, Colorado (1968)
MS: University of Colorado School of Nursing, Denver, Colorado (1969)
MA: Cultural Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (1978)
PhD: Transcultural Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (1981)
Hon. Degree, Nevada State College, Henderson, NV
Hon. LL.D (Honorary Doctor of Laws, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada)
Fellowships
FSfAA (Sustaining Fellow Society for Applied Anthropology).
FAAN (Fellow, American Academy of Nursing).
FESPCH (Honorary Distinguished Fellow of the European Society for Person-Centered Healthcare).
FNAP (Distinguished Fellow National Academies of Practice).
HSGAHN (Honorary Scholar of the Global Academy of Holistic Nursing, AHNA)
FTCNSS (Fellow Transcultural Nursing Society Scholar)
Current FAU Titles
Professor Emeritus.
Adjunct Professor, Partnership Liaison, Caring-Based Academic Partnerships in Excellence: Veteran RNs in Primary Care (CAPE-V Grant)
The Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
Certifications
Transcultural Nursing Advanced (CTN-A)
Honorary Nurse Practitioner, Nurse Practitioner Assn, Toronto, Canada, 1975 and on-going.
Areas of Expertise
Caring Philosophy and Science, Nursing and Caring Theory Development, Caring in Organizational Cultures (Bureaucratic Caring Theory); Transcultural Nursing (Transcultural Caring Dynamics in Nursing and Health Care Theory), Qualitative Methods and Caring Inquiry Expertise
Current Research with Drs. Beth King, Charlotte Barry, and Sandra Daccarett as a transcultural nursing qualitative researcher in mental health nursing in Haiti (current research). Sou Ban Ble Zanmitay La (The Blue Friendship Bench. Sigma Theta Tau Iota Xi Chapter at Large Funded Research, 2021.
Nursing Theorist--Theory of Bureaucratic Caring (discovered first in 1981 from the study of human caring in complex hospital organizational cultures with diverse clinical nurses, nursing and non-nursing administrators, patients, and other civilian and military groups.) Funded for nearly 1 million dollars from the Tri Service Nursing Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD. Application of the Ray Theory of Bureaucratic Caring was selected as the structural framework in nursing and interprofessional practice in the United States Air Force and Defense Health Agency (military healthcare system, including space) impacting the care of 10 million beneficiaries.
Nursing Theorist: Designed and Developed the Theory of Transcultural Caring Dynamics in Nursing and Health Care; Theory selected with other global scholars as a theory to potentially guide the United Nations’ 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.
Featured as a nursing theorist in Chinn and Fawcett’s nursing repository of nursing theories, www.nursology.net
Featured as a nursing theorist in Smith’s (2020) Nursing theories and nursing practice; Alligood’s (2018, 2022), Nursing theorists and their work, and Smith & Liehr’s (2018, 2022), Middle range theory for nursing.
Colonel (Retired), United States Air Force Nurse Corps (Colonel (Ret), USAF, NC with expertise in flight nursing, aerospace nursing research, education, practice, hospital and clinic cultures, administration, and policy; and military and theory consultant to the USAF Surgeon General; Veteran Partnership Liaison, Florida Atlantic University, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing
Honorary Scholar: Global Academy of Holistic Nursing (HSGAHN); Attended a course of study at the United Nations via Dept. of Diplomacy and International Relations, Seton Hall University, NJ.; Attended courses of study in Biomedical Ethics at Georgetown University; Attended course of study with the late Dr. F. David Peat, quantum theorist and holographic theorist at the Pari Center for New Learning (complexity science and quantum theory), Pari, Italy.
Qualitative Research Specialist in caring inquiry, phenomenology, hermeneutics, ethnography and grounded theory, participatory action research; ethnonursing.
Transcultural Nursing Scholar
Certified advanced transcultural nurse; Leininger Award for excellence in transcultural nursing. Inducted as a Transcultural Nursing Scholar. Inducted as a Fellow in the American Academy of Nursing in 2013, and other international Fellowships (see above). Recognized as a Nursing Theorist, American Academy of Nursing, and at the Website, www.nursology.net, the repository for Nursing Theories.
Member
Sigma Theta Tau International , Iota-Xi Chapter- at- Large at Florida Atlantic University, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Boca Raton, FL
Board Member
Anne Boykin Institute for the Advancement of Caring Science
Scholar Positions
Christine E. Lynn Eminent Scholar, Florida Atlantic University, School of Nursing, (1989-1994)
Alberta Heritage Foundation Scholar, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada (2005)
Yingling Visiting Scholar, Virginia Commonwealth University, (1995-1996)
Visiting Scholar Fellowship, Australian/New Zealand Colleges/Universities, 1990
Phillip Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia
Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
Victoria University, New Zealand
Awards
Honorary Doctor of Laws (Hon. LL. D)
Lifetime Achievement Award, University of Colorado.
Distinguished Alumna Award, University of Utah.
Lifetime Member International Association of Human Caring
Legacy of Caring Award, International Association for Human Caring.
Transcultural Nursing Scholar
Leininger Award Recipient for Transcultural Nursing
Lifetime Achievement, Marquis (2017), Marquis, Who’s Who in Nursing, America, American Education, and Who’s Who in the World.
United States Department of Defense, Meritorious Service and Commendation Medals.
Research Awards
Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing, 1987 Research Award.
Florida Atlantic University, Research Award, Department of Sponsored Research.
American Association of Military Surgeons of the U.S. (AMSUS) Federal Research Award.
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, United States Department of Defense, Nursing Research Award.
Research Consultant
Holy Cross Hospital, Ft. Lauderdale, FL
United States Air Force Surgeon General, Washington, DC
Teaching and Education Awards
American Journal of Nursing, Book of the Year Award, 2011
Teacher of the Year, University of Colorado College of Nursing
Distinguished Teacher of the Year, Florida Atlantic University College of Nursing
Diploma in Nursing: St. Joseph Hospital School of Nursing, Hamilton, ON, Canada (1958)
BSN: University of Colorado School of Nursing, Denver, Colorado (1968)
MS: University of Colorado School of Nursing, Denver, Colorado (1969)
MA: Cultural Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (1978)
PhD: Transcultural Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (1981)
Hon. Degree, Nevada State College, Henderson, NV
Hon. LL.D (Honorary Doctor of Laws, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada)
Fellowships
FSfAA (Sustaining Fellow Society for Applied Anthropology).
FAAN (Fellow, American Academy of Nursing).
FESPCH (Honorary Distinguished Fellow of the European Society for Person-Centered Healthcare).
FNAP (Distinguished Fellow National Academies of Practice).
HSGAHN (Honorary Scholar of the Global Academy of Holistic Nursing, AHNA)
FTCNSS (Fellow Transcultural Nursing Society Scholar)
Current FAU Titles
Professor Emeritus.
Adjunct Professor, Partnership Liaison, Caring-Based Academic Partnerships in Excellence: Veteran RNs in Primary Care (CAPE-V Grant)
The Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
Certifications
Transcultural Nursing Advanced (CTN-A)
Honorary Nurse Practitioner, Nurse Practitioner Assn, Toronto, Canada, 1975 and on-going.
Areas of Expertise
Caring Philosophy and Science, Nursing and Caring Theory Development, Caring in Organizational Cultures (Bureaucratic Caring Theory); Transcultural Nursing (Transcultural Caring Dynamics in Nursing and Health Care Theory), Qualitative Methods and Caring Inquiry Expertise
Current Research with Drs. Beth King, Charlotte Barry, and Sandra Daccarett as a transcultural nursing qualitative researcher in mental health nursing in Haiti (current research). Sou Ban Ble Zanmitay La (The Blue Friendship Bench. Sigma Theta Tau Iota Xi Chapter at Large Funded Research, 2021.
Nursing Theorist--Theory of Bureaucratic Caring (discovered first in 1981 from the study of human caring in complex hospital organizational cultures with diverse clinical nurses, nursing and non-nursing administrators, patients, and other civilian and military groups.) Funded for nearly 1 million dollars from the Tri Service Nursing Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD. Application of the Ray Theory of Bureaucratic Caring was selected as the structural framework in nursing and interprofessional practice in the United States Air Force and Defense Health Agency (military healthcare system, including space) impacting the care of 10 million beneficiaries.
Nursing Theorist: Designed and Developed the Theory of Transcultural Caring Dynamics in Nursing and Health Care; Theory selected with other global scholars as a theory to potentially guide the United Nations’ 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.
Featured as a nursing theorist in Chinn and Fawcett’s nursing repository of nursing theories, www.nursology.net
Featured as a nursing theorist in Smith’s (2020) Nursing theories and nursing practice; Alligood’s (2018, 2022), Nursing theorists and their work, and Smith & Liehr’s (2018, 2022), Middle range theory for nursing.
Colonel (Retired), United States Air Force Nurse Corps (Colonel (Ret), USAF, NC with expertise in flight nursing, aerospace nursing research, education, practice, hospital and clinic cultures, administration, and policy; and military and theory consultant to the USAF Surgeon General; Veteran Partnership Liaison, Florida Atlantic University, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing
Honorary Scholar: Global Academy of Holistic Nursing (HSGAHN); Attended a course of study at the United Nations via Dept. of Diplomacy and International Relations, Seton Hall University, NJ.; Attended courses of study in Biomedical Ethics at Georgetown University; Attended course of study with the late Dr. F. David Peat, quantum theorist and holographic theorist at the Pari Center for New Learning (complexity science and quantum theory), Pari, Italy.
Qualitative Research Specialist in caring inquiry, phenomenology, hermeneutics, ethnography and grounded theory, participatory action research; ethnonursing.
Transcultural Nursing Scholar
Certified advanced transcultural nurse; Leininger Award for excellence in transcultural nursing. Inducted as a Transcultural Nursing Scholar. Inducted as a Fellow in the American Academy of Nursing in 2013, and other international Fellowships (see above). Recognized as a Nursing Theorist, American Academy of Nursing, and at the Website, www.nursology.net, the repository for Nursing Theories.
Member
Sigma Theta Tau International , Iota-Xi Chapter- at- Large at Florida Atlantic University, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Boca Raton, FL
Board Member
Anne Boykin Institute for the Advancement of Caring Science
Scholar Positions
Christine E. Lynn Eminent Scholar, Florida Atlantic University, School of Nursing, (1989-1994)
Alberta Heritage Foundation Scholar, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada (2005)
Yingling Visiting Scholar, Virginia Commonwealth University, (1995-1996)
Visiting Scholar Fellowship, Australian/New Zealand Colleges/Universities, 1990
Phillip Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia
Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
Victoria University, New Zealand
Awards
Honorary Doctor of Laws (Hon. LL. D)
Lifetime Achievement Award, University of Colorado.
Distinguished Alumna Award, University of Utah.
Lifetime Member International Association of Human Caring
Legacy of Caring Award, International Association for Human Caring.
Transcultural Nursing Scholar
Leininger Award Recipient for Transcultural Nursing
Lifetime Achievement, Marquis (2017), Marquis, Who’s Who in Nursing, America, American Education, and Who’s Who in the World.
United States Department of Defense, Meritorious Service and Commendation Medals.
Research Awards
Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing, 1987 Research Award.
Florida Atlantic University, Research Award, Department of Sponsored Research.
American Association of Military Surgeons of the U.S. (AMSUS) Federal Research Award.
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, United States Department of Defense, Nursing Research Award.
Research Consultant
Holy Cross Hospital, Ft. Lauderdale, FL
United States Air Force Surgeon General, Washington, DC
Teaching and Education Awards
American Journal of Nursing, Book of the Year Award, 2011
Teacher of the Year, University of Colorado College of Nursing
Distinguished Teacher of the Year, Florida Atlantic University College of Nursing